HISTORY	HURRICANE HAZARDS			FORECAST	PREPARE	ACT
Hurricane History	Storm Surge	High Winds & Tornadoes	Marine Safety	Forecast Process	Be Prepared	Take Action
Sunday 18 May	Monday 19 May	Tuesday 20 May	Wednesday 21 May	Thursday 22 May	Friday 23 May	Saturday 24 May

Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale

Expectation of Tropical Cyclone Wind-Related Damage in Hawaii
Based on Saffir-Simpson damage scale modified for Western Pacific typhoons (Lander and Guard: http://www.typhoon2000.ph/tropical_SS.htm). These guidelines are experimental and should be used only as an approximation. Damage in some cases may result from lesser winds than indicated.

• Tropical Storm — winds 39-73 mph (34-63 kt)
  Isolated damage for winds below 50 mph. Above 50 mph, expect minor damage to buildings of light material and attached coorugated sheet metal. Moderate damage to banana and papaya trees. Small branches are blown from other trees.
• Category 1 Hurricane — winds 74-95 mph (64-82 kt)
  No real damage to sturdy buildings. Damage to poorly constructed older homes or those with corrugated metal. Non-reinforced power poles tilted. Some damage to poorly constructed signs. Also, some coastal flooding and minor pier damage. Some tree damage such as palm fronds torn from the crowns.
  - Examples: Iwa (Kauai) 1982, Dot (Kauai) 1959, Nina (Kauai, Oahu) 1957
• Category 2 Hurricane — winds 96-110 mph (83-95 kt)
  Some damage to building roofs, doors and windows. Considerable damage to poorly constructed or termite infested homes. Some secondary power lines downed. Flooding damages piers and small craft in unprotected moorings may break their moorings. Major damage to fruit trees such as banana and papaya. Some trees blown down, especially those shallow rooted.
• Category 3 Hurricane — winds 111-130 mph (96-113 kt)
  Some structural damage to well built small residences and utility buildings. Extensive damage to termite infested buildings. Non-reinforced cinderblock walls blown down. Many wooden power poles broken or blown down. Large trees blown down. Major damage to shrubs and trees. Up to 50% of palm fronds bent or blown off. Some crowns blown off palm trees. Some large trees such as monkeypod and breadfruit are blown down, especially if the ground is wet. Flooding near the coast destroys smaller structures with larger structures damaged by floating debris. Terrain may be flooded well inland.
• Category 4 Hurricane — winds 131-155 mph (114-135 kt)
  Extreme damage. Many reinforced wooden power poles blown down. Extensive damage to non-concrete roofs; complete failure of many roof structures, window frames and doors, especially unprotected, non-reinforced ones; many well-built wooden and metal structures severely damaged or destroyed. Considerable glass failures due to flying debris and explosive pressure forces created by extreme wind gusts. Weakly reinforced cinderblock walls blown down. Complete disintegration of mobile homes and other structures of lighter materials. Most small and medium-sized steel-framed signs bent over or blown down. Most shrubs defoliated. 75% of palm fronds bent or blown off, many palms with crowns blown off. Many large trees blown down. Major eroision of beach areas. Terrain may be flooded well inland.
  - Example: Iniki (Kauai) 1992
• Category 5 Hurricane — winds 156 mph and up (135+ kt)
  Catastrophic damage. Concrete power poles damaged. Total failure of non-concrete reinforced roofs. Extensive or total destruction to non-concrete residences and industrial buildings. Some structural damage to concrete structures, especially from large debris, such as cars, large appliances, etc. Extensive glass failure due to impact of flying debris and explosive pressure forces during extreme gusts. Many well-constructed storm shutters ripped from structures. Some fuel storage tanks rupture. Nearly all construction cranes blown down. Air full of very large and heavy projectiles and debris. Shrubs and trees up to 100% defoliated; numerous large trees blown down. Up to 100% of palm fronds bent, twisted, or blown off; numerous crowns blown from palm trees; flooding causes major damage to lower floors of all structures near the shoreline. Massive evacuation of residential areas may be required.
  - Examples: None on record in Hawai`i. Andrew (Florida) 1992, Camille (Gulf Coast) 1969